A minority group is made up of people who share a common set of cultural or physical characteristics that marks them as different from the powerful dominant group and for which they often suffer social disadvantages, because of their lack of power. As in the case of race and ethnicity, minority group membership is given by society. The most common minority groups are African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Women.
African Americans
Low status jobs
In 1997 African Americans were considered 12.5% of the U.S. population and 64.7% of their race participated in the labor force. African Americans were also considered for 21.6% of all guards, 21.5% of all service occupation, cleaning, and building. Also 30.8% of all health service occupation (Macionis 1998).

Less Education

A mere of 75% have graduated high school, and 38% of all African Americans have completed at least one year of college. On the other hand 84% of European Americans have graduated high school , and 51% of them complete at least one year of college.(Macionis 1998).

Less Medical Care

In 1996 there was 19% of African Americans who didn't receive health coverage under the age of 65, while only 15% of all the European Americans had not received it as well. Over the age of 65 with members of their population 30.1% had Medicare only. The European Americans had a low of 16.9% of Medicare. (Horner 1999).

Crime infested ghettos

Almost one third of all African Americans live in crime infested ghettos three times that of European Americans. An approximate percentage of African Americans that live in ghettos in 1997 was 80%. (Robertson).

Large percent of prison population

In 1997 African Americans were considered 42% of all jail inmates. In 1998 African Americans were considered 12.5% of the U.S. population, yet they were 32.4%of those arrested.(Macionis 1998).


Women

Low status jobs

They have been considered that 98.4% of all women are secretaries. Household and child care workers is 86.5%, and 94.3% of all private household cleaners or maids are women. (Macionis 1998).

Less Education

In 1970 women had earned only 17% of a bachelor's degree in computer engineering computer science, and natural sciences. In 1995 though, the proportion was still low but it increased to 31%. (Macionis 1998).

Unequal Pay for Equal Work

In 1998 women had earned 66% of men's salary , working as managers, executives, administrative, working in sales, here women had earned 60% of men's salary. (Macionis 1998).

Submitted to Excessive Physical Sexual Abuse

In a survey done in 1995, 430,000 sex assaults on women have been reported. 316,000 of those sex assaults were attempted rapes and rapes. (Macionis 1998).

Underrepresented in Political Office

It has been stated that there were only 3 women out of 50 state governors. That only 9% of all state senators were women, and 13% of all the members of the House of Representatives were women.


Hispanic Americans

Low Status Jobs

In 1997 66.9% of all Hispanic Americans from the age 16 and over participated in the labor force. They were considered 20.6% fishing, farming and forestry jobs. 21.3% of all building service occupation, and cleaning.26.6% of all work in private and household occupations, and also 17.9% of all assembles, inspectors, and machine operates. (Horner 1999).

Less Education

While a mere of 56% of Hispanic Americans graduated high school, and only 27% of Hispanic American males received at least one year of college education, 84%of European Americans graduated high school, and 51% of them are successful in college. (Macionis 1998).

Less Medical Care

In 1997 government or private health insurance did not cover 34.2% of Hispanic Americans under the age of 18. Only 15% of European Americans were not covered as well. (Hornor 1999).

Crime Infested Ghettos

In 1998 approximately 43.8% of all Puerto Ricans lined below the poverty level, and 80% of all Hispanic Americans lived in barrios. (Robertson 1989)

Large Percent of Prison Population

In 1997 Hispanic Americans were considered 10% of the U.S. population, yet 15.5% of all jail inmates. (Hornor).
Hispanic Americans who are confined in prison ...