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Smith, Michael (1932- ), British-born Canadian biochemist and Nobel Prize winner. Smith developed a method for altering the nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure of protein molecules. His technique enabled scientists to determine with great accuracy the function of proteins in specific organisms. This innovation also expanded the possibilities of protein engineering. For this work, Smith was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in chemistry. He shared the prize with American biochemist Kary B. Mullis, who was honored for developing the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Born in Blackpool, England, Smith received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Manchester in 1956. After serving as a research fellow at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Smith worked for the Fisheries Research Board of Canada from 1961 to 1966. He then returned to the University of British Columbia, where he became a professor of biochemistry in 1970 and where he still works in the biotechnology lab.
Proteins perform a variety of crucial chemical functions in plants and animals. The best way to study the function of a specific protein is to mutate it, then observe how this changes the behavior of the entire organism. Prior to Smith's innovation, mutation was achieved by exposing random cells to mutagens (radiation or chemicals). This approach was unreliable because both radiation and chemicals mutated proteins randomly, making ...
Franz Liszt was one of many classical composers. Insome ways, he can be compared to a modern rock and roll star, such as Kurt Cobain. Franz Liszt was born in Raiding, Hungary, on October 22, 1811.Much like Mozart, he was a very great piano player at a very young age.Liszt composed an opera called Don Sancho at the age of fourteen.Professionals of...
He was a Confederate officer during the American Civil War and a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, he resigned from the U.S. Army when his native state seceded from the Union he was made a brigadier general in the Confederate Army. He fought in the first and second battles of Bull Run, called First and Second Manassas by the Co...
Perhaps the greatest musical genius who ever lived, was born in Salzburg, Austria, Jan. 27, 1756, the son of Leopold Mozart, concertmaster at the archiepiscopal court, and his wife, Anna Maria Pertl. Leopold Mozart was a successful composer and violinist, whose famous treatise on violin playing (Versuch Einer Grundlichen Violinschule) was first p...
South-Africa was settled by Dutch speaking whites, the boers, in the seventeenth century. Later they were followed by the British, who they several times fought against to keep the power. In 1948 the white people felt that the bladks threatened their position, so the national party, that has formed all the governments since then, introduced the pol...
Millard Fillmore was born in a frontier cabin in Cayuga county, New York, on Jan. 7, 1800. He was the second child and the first of five sons of Nathaniel and Phoebe Millard Fillmore. The family was miserably poor, and Fillmore was almost entirely self-educated. Deeply wanting an education, Millard Fillmore, enrolled in an academy at New Hope, New...
(THIS PAPER WAS WRITTEN BY SOMEONE ELSE AND IS ALREADY ON THE DATABASE, I SIMPLY REVISED AND EDITED IT APPROPRIATELY!) ______________________________________________________ By: Aaron Biographical Research Paper April 28, 1997 William Henry Gates, III was born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He was the middle child of three born to Willi...
was a man who is known for making a great deal breakthroughs in the wide variety of his work in both mathematics and physics. He is responsible for immeasurable contributions to the fields of number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy, and optics, as well as many more. The concepts that he himself created have had...
Dr. Daniel J. Boorstin (1914- ) holds many honorable positions and has received numerous awards for his notable work. He is one of America's most eminent historians, the author of more than fifteen books and numerous articles on the history of the United States, as well as a creator of a television show. His editor-wife, Ruth Frankel Boorstin, a We...
In 1959, a rebel, Fidel Castro, overthrew the reign of Fulgencia Batista in Cuba; a small island 90 miles off the Florida coast. There have been many coups and changes of government in the world since then. Few if any have had the effect on Americans and American foreign policy as this one. In 1952, Sergeant Fulgencia Batista staged a successful...
Mysticism, Democracy, Individuality&Personality The 1881 publication of the Leaves of Grass contained more than twenty-four poems, which were reasonably filled with ten or more diversified types of themes. Walt Whitman the author and compiler of this exceptional work changed the status of poetry writing through his utilization of thought and expres...
In all of American history, there are many men who stand out and emphasize the history ofour country. This man, , is one of those extraordinary men that stand out.John?s life began on January 16, 1736 in Braintree, Massachuchetts.John was the middle child of three. He was the son of (Rev.) , born on June 1, 1702 in Lexington, Massachuchetts and son...
ARISTOTLE'S LIFE Aristotle, Greek philosopher and scientist, is one of the most famous of ancient philosophers. He was born in Stagira, Greece to a physician to the royal court. When he became eighteen, Aristotle entered Plato's School in Athens and remained at this academy for twenty years, as a student and then as a teacher. He was recognized...
"Without a universal respect for human rights, the world cannot achieve peace" Martin Luther King Jr. led a heroic mission to educate, awaken, and revolutionize the American people. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great man who knew what he believed in. Dr. King revolutionized the black communities, he also brought power and confidence into the heart...
. He and his cult, "The Family," together killed seven people, bloodied and butchered. The people who he and others killed, the Tate and LaBianca families, were wealthy and well-off. What could have made them do such a thing without pity or remorse? Read on........ MANSON: The Man Himself In 1954, Manson set up a commune-based cult, draw...
