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Purpose:
The objective of this experiment were: a) to review the concept of
simple acid-base reactions; b) to review the stoichiometric calculations
involved in chemical reactions; c) to review the basic lab procedure of a
titration and introduce the student to the concept of a primary standard and the
process of standardization; d) to review the calculations involving chemical
solutions; e) to help the student improve his/her lab technique.
Theory:
Titration was used to study acid-base neutralization reaction
quantitatively. In acid-base titration experiment, a solution of accurately KHP
concentration was added gradually to another solution of NaOH concentration
until the chemical reaction between the two solutions were completed. The
equivalence point was the point at which the acid was completely reacted with or
neutralized by the base. The point was signaled by a changing of color of an
indicator that had been added to the acid solution. Indicator was substance that
had distinctly different colors in acidic and basic media. Phenolphthalein was a
common indicator which was colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but
reddish pink was result in basic solutions. Strong acid (contained H+ ion) and
strong base ( contained OH ) were 100% ionized in water and they were all
strong electrolytes. Procedure:
Part A. Investigating solid NaOH ...
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