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The Crusades were expeditions taken by the Western and European
Christians to take back Jerusalem and other Palestine places of pilgrimage
away from Muslim control. These expeditions occurred during the years 1095
and 1270 ad. It started on November 27, 1095 just outside a French city
called Clermont-Ferrand. The Pope, Urban II preached a sermon to the many
clergy at the church council that day in Clermont. He discussed his plans
for a Crusade. The clergy liked the idea. The Pope then ordered for the
Bishops to return to their homes and recruit other volunteers.
The Pope set up individual groups of Crusaders who were to set
forth in August of 1096. The groups would follow different paths and meet
up in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople where they would meet up with
each other along with Byzantine army and their emperor Alexius Comnenus.
From there, they would launch a counterattack against the Seljuk conquerors
of Antolia. Once that religion was under control by the Christians, they
would then attack the Muslims in Syria and Palestine, with capturing
Jerusalem as their main priority.
In May 1097 the Crusaders attacked Antolia Turkish capital at
Nicaea. After their victory they encountered the Seljuk field army. The
crusaders nearly annihilated them. Then they started towards Antioch and
defeated them also. Immediately after their victory they were attacked by
the late reinforcements. After the summer and early fall the Crusaders
moved on for their main priority, Jerusalem.
By May of 1099, they reached the borders of Palestine. In June
they camped outside the border of Jerusalem. At the time Jerusalem was
under control by readily and prepared Egyptians. The Crusaders attacked
and with help from reinforcements from Genoa conquered the Egyptians and by
July 15 captured Jerusalem. To purify it they washed the town with the
blood of the defeated Egyptians. The ruler Imad ad-Din Zangi and the
Muslim forces took over the city Edessa from the Crusades. The papacy's
response to this was to plan another Crusade, 'The Second Crusade.'
This idea attracted many new recruits including the king of France
Louis VII and the Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad III. Conrad and the German
army set out for Antolia. The French force followed about a month later.
On the way the Germans got ambushed ...
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