The Crusades were expeditions taken by the Western and European
Christians to take back Jerusalem and other Palestine places of pilgrimage
away from Muslim control. These expeditions occurred during the years 1095
and 1270 ad. It started on November 27, 1095 just outside a French city
called Clermont-Ferrand. The Pope, Urban II preached a sermon to the many
clergy at the church council that day in Clermont. He discussed his plans
for a Crusade. The clergy liked the idea. The Pope then ordered for the
Bishops to return to their homes and recruit other volunteers.
The Pope set up individual groups of Crusaders who were to set
forth in August of 1096. The groups would follow different paths and meet
up in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople where they would meet up with
each other along with Byzantine army and their emperor Alexius Comnenus.
From there, they would launch a counterattack against the Seljuk conquerors
of Antolia. Once that religion was under control by the Christians, they
would then attack the Muslims in Syria and Palestine, with capturing
Jerusalem as their main priority.
In May 1097 the Crusaders attacked Antolia Turkish capital at
Nicaea. After their victory they encountered the Seljuk field army. The
crusaders nearly annihilated them. Then they started towards Antioch and
defeated them also. Immediately after their victory they were attacked by
the late reinforcements. After the summer and early fall the Crusaders
moved on for their main priority, Jerusalem.
By May of 1099, they reached the borders of Palestine. In June
they camped outside the border of Jerusalem. At the time Jerusalem was
under control by readily and prepared Egyptians. The Crusaders attacked
and with help from reinforcements from Genoa conquered the Egyptians and by
July 15 captured Jerusalem. To purify it they washed the town with the
blood of the defeated Egyptians. The ruler Imad ad-Din Zangi and the
Muslim forces took over the city Edessa from the Crusades. The papacy's
response to this was to plan another Crusade, 'The Second Crusade.'
This idea attracted many new recruits including the king of France
Louis VII and the Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad III. Conrad and the German
army set out for Antolia. The French force followed about a month later.
On the way the Germans got ambushed ...
Lord Byron's Euthanasia George Gordon, also known as Lord Byron, was born on January 22nd, in London. Lord Byron was born witht the physical deformaty known as a "clubfoot" or lame foot. As a chail, Byron lived with his mother, Catherine Byron, in Scotland, they were fairly poor. He stayed with his mother in Scotland until he inherited th...
The term "barbarian" is Greek in origin. The Greeks used it for any races that were not of a Greek origin, especially those that were very different from themselves. Because most of these "barbarians" regularly assaulted Greek cities, the term gradually evolved into a rude insult, a person who was a sub-human, uncivilized, and regularly practic...
Every society and culture has different ways of interpreting and defining occurrences by the way their own culture or society functions. 'A society's culture, consists of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members'(Geertz 242). The rituals, customs, ethics and morals that are attribut...
The cause for the 'Great Migrations' was to plunder new lands and settle. Germanic tribes had for centuries challenged the Roman frontiers because their primitive, unproductive economies forced them to search constantly for new lands to plunder or settle. The Germans were attracted by the wealth and splendor of the Roman world, and the Romans admit...
is a nation focused on culture. It is in many ways the "cultural capital of the world" (Lect.Notes #7 Sp.99). has always been an inspiration for many artists. Due to its strong culture and other moral factors, is a country afraid of change and its education system is subject to this fear (Whitney 4). In today, the education system is ver...
Past and Present Who are the Kurds? Most of us have heard about them but don?t know who they are. Are they a race, a religion, a country? As we see from the following example, even Europeans who are much closer to the Kurds still do not have a complete understanding of the Kurds or the middle east in general: In th...
On Friday, November 22nd 1963 at 12:30 P.M. the 35th United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassinated while he rode in an open limousine though the streets of Dallas. This event, which abruptly and severely altered the course of history, it has created more controversy than any other single event. Some haunting questions st...
As late as the 1950s, society in the Southern United States remained racially segregated by law. The segregation laws in these states were supported by an 1896 Supreme Court ruling. In the case of PLessy vs. Ferguson, the Court had ruled that "seperate but equal" public facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the Constitution. Thi...
World History - Power Comes From the Barrel of a Gun Subject: World History (But it applies to much more) Title: ?Power Comes From the Barrel of a Gun? - took the opposing view ?Would you respect me, If I didn?t have this gun? ?Cause without it, I don?t get it, And that?s why I carry one.? -Phil Collins Power. A wo...
Abe Lincoln Hero of our Past There have been many tragic heroes throughout history. Some stand out more than others. one comes to mind, John F. Kennedy, for his great leadership abilities. Martin Luther King Jr. took a stand for what he believed was right. Another is Abraham Lincoln, one of Americas first tragic heroes. Tragic heroes h...
Many of the American colonists brought with them from Europe a belief in witches and the devil. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being witches and follower of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mostly all of the accused were women, which makes some modern historians believe th...
"The Great Depression of the 1930's was a worldwide phenomenon composed an infinite number of separate but related events." The Great Depression was a time of poverty and despair caused by many different events. Its hard to say what caused this worldwide depression because it's all based on opinion as opposed to factual data. There are many...
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES ASSIGNMENT NO 1 Development of Engineering since the Industrial Revolution The Main Outcomes of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on society. The major effects were socially and economically. It is rather difficult to date the start of the industrial revolution but hist...
The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order by Samuel P. Huntington is an extremely well written and insightful book. Samuel P. Huntington is the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard University, director of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, the chairman of the Harvard Academy for Internationa...