Bipolar Disorder 2

4.9 of 5.0 (114 reviews)

Download now!

Contains
796 words

Category
Other

The above thumbnails are of reduced quality. To view the work in full quality, click download.

Bipolar Disorder 2

Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this disorder can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the amount of people suffering from it, we are still waiting for explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its? victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is important that we keep looking for explanations of its causes and for more ways to treat this disorder.
Bipolar has a large variety of symptoms, divided in two categories. One is the manic episodes, the other is depressive. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can turn into feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and reoccurring thoughts of death and suicide. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a deep sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, problems with concentrations and driving.
Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It occurs in both males and females. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes do experience a period of depression. Symptoms include elated, excited, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessive involvement in reckless activities.
As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has found out in their research, bipolar disorder can create marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters.
Many times, bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as the person ages. Many times's bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia.
The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that follow each other without a period of remission.
The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. Hypomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by extreme loss of judgment. Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin. The third stage of mania is evident when the patient experiences paranoid delusions. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes turns into violence.
Sometimes both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time. This is called a mixed episode. Those affected are at special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that make them feel like they ?could jump out of their skin?. Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressed moods. Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet, they have the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania is another form of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present with four or more episodes within a 12 month period. This form of the disease has more episodes of mania and depression than bipolar disorder, although this is believed to be a branch of actual bipolar disorder.
Lithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder since its introduction in the 1960's. Its main function is to stabilize the cycling characteristic of bipolar disorder. In four controlled studies by F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison, the overall response rate for bipolar subjects treated with Lithium was 78% (1990). Lithium is also the primary drug used for long- term maintenance of bipolar disorder. In a majority of bipolar patients, it lessens the duration, frequency, and severity of the episodes of both mania and depression.
Unfortunately, as many as 40% of bipolar patients are either unresponsive to lithium or can not handle the side effects. Some of the side effects include thirst, weight gain, nausea, diarrhea, and edema. Patients who are unresponsive to lithium treatment are often those who experience dysphoric mania, mixed states, or rapid cycling bipolar disorder.
One of the problems associated with ...

You are currently seeing 50% of this paper.

You're seeing 796 words of 1592.

Read the full essay

Keywords: bipolar disorder 2 symptoms in females, bipolar disorder 2 icd 10, bipolar disorder 2 test, bipolar disorder 2 medications, bipolar disorder 2 dsm 5, bipolar disorder 2 symptoms in males, bipolar disorder 2 treatment, bipolar disorder 2022

Similar essays

Engineering

A Strong Background in Computer Technology Will Benefit Future Engineers Computer technology has advanced dramatically over the past ten years. Technology has advanced from computers the size of a room that can only perform one particular task, to personal computers (PC?s) that will fit on a desk and perform multiple tasks. Understanding compute...

190 reviews

Download

Cigarrete kills

Cigarette Kills We all, smokers as well as non-smokers, know smoking. Everyone has his own opinion about it and everyone can also speak about this problem aloud. This is why I have decided to explain my attitude to smoking. Me as a non-smoker strongly encourage people not to smoke and warm then with all the lethal consequences of smoking....

115 reviews

Download

Public Speaking

Public speaking and presentation concerns the communication of information or ideas to a group or audience in such a way as to maintain their interest. Speaking to a group, in the context of a job interview, a presentation on a topic or issue, a sales pitch, or a formal speech or debate is increasingly common. Through our syllabus, we wish to encou...

190 reviews

Download

Mardi Gras

The smell of stale beer in the air, loud music everywhere, people shouting and laughing having a good 'ole time is what carnival, better known as Mashumani is like in Guyana. When it's in New Orleans, however, broken beads and trash are all over the ground, and everywhere one looks he/she sees someone taking off some type of clothing for some...

45 reviews

Download

Social Perception

Our own beliefs and principles that are cultivated by our culture, in which we were brought up, govern our perceptions of others. These ideologies or theories are often not shared by others and in most of the time, not plausible or even untrue. These inaccurate interpretations and conclusions of others have dire consequences such as, not being able...

1 reviews

Download