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Outline
I The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism (1812-1824)
A On to Canada over Land and Lakes
a On the eve of the war of 1812, the regular army was ill-trained, ill-disciplined, and widely scattered
b The militia was even more poorly trained
c The offensive strategy against Canada was poorly conceived
d The British and Canadians displayed energy from the outset
e Americans looked for success on water
f Control of the Great Lakes was vital
g The redcoats were beaten at the battle of the Thames in October 1813
h The invading British army was forced to retreat
I American economic life was crippled
B Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended
a A second British force landed in the Chesapeake Bay area in August 1814
b They set fire to most of the public buildings
c The Americans at Baltimore held firm
d A third British blow of 1814 menaced the entire Mississippi Valley
e Over two thousand were killed and wounded in half an hour compared with seventy for the Americans
f Andrew Jackson became a national hero
C The Treaty of Ghent
a Tsar Alexander I of Russia proposed mediation between clashing Anglo-Saxon cousins in 1812
b Britain's envoys made sweeping demands for a neutralized Indian buffer state in the Great Lakes region, control of the Great Lakes, and a substantial part of conquered Maine
c The Americans rejected these terms
d The Treaty of Ghent, signed on Christmas Eve in 1814, was essentially an armistice
e Both sides agreed to stop fighting and to restore conquered territory
D Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention
a Defiant New England remained a problem
b Massachusetts issued a call for a convention at Hartford, Connecticut
c The Hartford resolutions were the death song of the Federalist party
d In 1816 the Federalists nominated their last presidential candidate
E The Second War for American Independence
a The War of 1812 was a small war, involving about six thousand Americans killed or wounded
b Madison tried to invade Canada with about 5,000 men
c The conflict could be called the Second War for American Independence
d Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison emerged
e Many Canadians felt betrayed by the treaty of Ghent
F Nascent Nationalism
a The most impressive by-product of the War of 1812 was heightened nationalism
b America may not have fought the war as one nation, but it emerged as one nation
c Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper were the first writers to use American themes and scenes in literature
G The American System
a Nationalism likewise manifested itself in manufacturing and finance
b A revived Bank of the United States was voted by Congress in 1816
c British competitors began to dump contents of their bulging warehouses on the United States
d The first tariff in American history instituted primarily for protection, not revenue
e Nationalism was further highlighted by Henry Clay's grandiose plan for developing a profitable home market
f Clay threw himself behind an elaborate scheme known by 1824 as the American System
H The So-Called Era of Good Feelings
a James Monroe was nominated for the presidency in 1816 by the Republicans
b The fading Federalists ...
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